 |
Volatile solvents, such as gasoline, glue, aerosol paints |
| Route, Duration |
| > Inhaled |
| Psychoactive Effects |
| > Similar to alcohol intoxication: disinhibition, euphoria > Onset within minutes, duration several hours |
| Acute Medical Complications |
| > Dysrhythmias related to catecholamine release > Asphyxia, aspiration > Acute encephalopathy > Psychosis, delirium > Aggression, trauma |
| Symptoms of Withdrawal |
| > Similar to alcohol: tremor, anxiety |
| Treatment of Withdrawal |
| > Clinical presentation similar to alcohol withdrawal > Treatment with benzodiazepines may be warranted |
| Chronic Complications |
| Neurological complications similar to alcohol, but more severe with earlier onset: > Cerebellar degeneration > Peripheral neuropathy > Cognitive deficits Other complications: > Hepatotoxicity > Cardiomyopathy |
| Fetal Effects |
| > Case reports and animal studies have foundneurodevelopmental delay and facial abnormalities similar to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder |
| Obstetrical Complications |
| > Spontaneous abortion, prematurity, low birth weight |
| Breastfeeding |
| > Advise women not to breastfeed within several hours of using |
