Inhalants
|
Volatile solvents, such as gasoline, glue, aerosol paints |
|
|
Route, Duration |
·
Inhaled |
|
Psychoactive Effects |
·
Similar to alcohol intoxication: disinhibition, euphoria ·
Onset within minutes, duration several hours |
|
Acute Medical Complications |
·
Dysrhythmias related
to catecholamine release ·
Asphyxia, aspiration ·
Acute encephalopathy ·
Psychosis, delirium ·
Aggression, trauma |
|
Symptoms of Withdrawal |
·
Similar to alcohol: tremor, anxiety |
|
Treatment of Withdrawal |
·
Clinical presentation similar to alcohol
withdrawal ·
Treatment with benzodiazepines may be
warranted |
|
Chronic Complications |
Neurological complications similar to alcohol, but more
severe with earlier onset: ·
Cerebellar
degeneration ·
Peripheral neuropathy ·
Cognitive deficits Other complications: ·
Hepatotoxicity ·
Cardiomyopathy |
|
Fetal Effects |
·
Case reports and animal studies have found neurodevelopmental delay and facial abnormalities similar
to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder |
|
Obstetrical Complications |
·
Spontaneous abortion, prematurity,
low birth weight |
|
Breastfeeding |
·
Advise women not to breastfeed within several
hours of using |